Application Note
Determination Of Inorganic And Organic Acids In Apple And Orange Juice Samples Using Capillary IC
Determinations of organic acids in fruit juices are used by the beverage industry for flavor characterization, identification of spoilage, identification of adulteration by a less costly juice, and product labeling. The concentrations, types, and ratios of organic acids are largely responsible for the flavors, tartness, and acidity; therefore, these organic acid analyses are important for delivering a consistent and fresh juice product. Additionally, two common organic acids, acetate and lactate, are caused by biological activity and are, therefore, a good indicator of an old juice that may be too spoiled for consumption.
Because each fruit juice has a characteristic profile of organic acids, these profiles can be used to identify the juice product and identify adulteration by another juice. Profiling organic acids is used to identify cheaper apple juice illegally added to a costly orange juice claiming to be 100% orange juice. Profiling is also used to meet the recent United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) labeling requirements in 21 CFR Part 101 to identify percent juice, and percent of each juice in juicecontaining beverages. More recently, with the increased popularity of high antioxidant-containing juices, profiling is being applied to pomegranate, grape, cranberry, coconut, and bilberry juices.
Organic acid determinations in beverages by ionexclusion chromatography were demonstrated in 1997, and in 1989–2010 by anion-exchange chromatography using Thermo Scientific Dionex IonPac™ AS11 and AS11-HC columns designed for organic acid separations. More recently, the Thermo Scientific Dionex ICS-5000 capillary ion chromatography (IC) system and ion-exchange columns designed for capillary flow rates were introduced, including the Thermo Scientific Dionex IonSwift™ monolith columns. These monolith columns are a new generation of separation media, combining the monolith backbone and ion-exchange media for fast high-resolution separations of small molecules including organic acids and inorganic anions.
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